Computer Aided Design,Origin of CAD,Applications of CAD,Capabilities of CAD,Effectiveness of CAD

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Informative Guide-CAD

Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software is used worldwide by designers, architects, surveyors and others. It is used in a wide range of applications, from producing designs for roads, office buildings and industrial prototypes to producing special effects for films and plans for electrical supplies and other utilities. It is now widely used throughout the arts and humanities, for example in building and site recording; archaeological survey; interpretative modelling, visualisation and reconstructions.

Computer Aided Design

Both software and hardware components can be involved. Given here is a Computer Added Desing of an appartment.

At present, there is no internationally recognised standard for CAD data formats. The most common CAD file format is .dwg, however, this is a proprietary format and thus poses problems for digital preservation.

CAD is being used as an special technology, within the range of Computer Aided technologies. CAD is cost effective in product development with extraordinary in design. CAD makes designers feasible to put down and develop work on screen, print it out and save it for future editing preventing them from repetition of drawings.

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Origin of CAD

The first graphic system was used in mid 1950 by the US Air Force's SAGE (Semi Automatic Ground Environment) air defense system. It was developed at Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Lincoln Laboratory. The system involved the use of Competivite Trial Reading (CTR) displays to show computer-processed radar data and other information. It brought a new dimension in computer technology.

Dr. Patrick J. Hanratty known as "the Father of CAD/CAM" for his opening up of new areas in the field of computer-aided design and manufacturing. He developed in 1957 PRONTO, the first commercial numerical-control programming system in this category

In 1960, Ivan Sutherland used TX-2 computer, produced at MIT's Lincoln Laboratory to work on a project called SKETCHPAD. This is considered the first step to CAD industry.

Though, there were several attempt to create a commercially CAD system, yet Control Data Corpaoration's Digigraphic divison was successful in creating commercially CAD system. Interestingly, the system costed about half million dollars and were sold in few units.

In 1969, the orgazination named Computervision was created to produce systems for Production Drafting and in the same year it sold the first commercial CAD system to Xerox.

During the phase of development, by the early 1970s General Motors had developed the first DAC (Design Automated by Computer) production interactive graphics manufacturing system which made a revolution.

The development of increasingly sophisticated and accessible systems was growing at a fast pace. By the 1980s, different applications were developed for personal computers.

By the late 20th century, with a increased speed, totally enhanced memory, and computers of smaller size equipped with highly sophisticated and affordable software made CAD standard in design and architectural field and education as well.

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Applications of CAD

In the modern world, CAD has become an especially important technology. Gone are the days, when sketches/drafts were hand made. Since the introduction of CAD, it has made design easy, attractive and perfect. CAD has a huge list of applications, be it architecture or medicine.

AEC Industry- Architecture, Engineering and Construction

Architecture
Building engineering
Civil Engineering and Infrastructure
Construction
Roads and Highways
Railroads and Tunnels
Water Supply and Hydraulic Engineering
Wastewater and Sewer systems
Mapping and Surveying

Mechanical Engineering (MCAD)

Automobile Indutry
Aerospace
Consumer Goods
Machinery & Industrial Design
Shipbuilding
Bio-mechanical products

Electronic Design Automation (EDA)

Electronic and Electrical (ECAD)
Digital circuit design

Garden Design

Creation of plans for layout and planting of gardens and landscapes.

Industrial Design & Architecture

Creation of execution of design solutions towards problems of engineering, marketing, brand development and sales..Pharmaceutical Industry

Dental Restoration
Coronary Artery Disease

Apparel and Textile CAD

Fashion Design

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Capabilities of CAD

Modern Computer Added Design is capable enough to provide excellent service in many fields. Few of them could be pointed as below:

Creation of engineering drawings from the solid models
Design components are reused
Easy to modify the original design of the model for multiple versions
Also validates/verifies the designs against specifications and design rules respectively
Apt in simulation of designs
Able to maintain libraries of parts and assemblies
Expert in calculation of mass properties of parts and assemblies
Aid different visualization with shading, rotating, hidden line removal, etc.
Applicable in hose/cable routing
Also helps in electrical component packaging

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Effectiveness of CAD

Readily available CAD programs that could be run on personal computers started a trend of downsizing in Drafting Departments, specially in mid-size orgazinations in the late 1980s. Now, one CAD operator could easily replace at least three or five drafters still using traditional methods. Thus, elimination of many office jobs traditionally performed by a secretary made to learn the standard software.

It created another difference between large firms and mid-sized firms because the latest advances were often quite expensive, small and even mid-size firms often could not compete against large firms who were able to use their computational edge for competitive purposes. Today, however, hardware and software costs have reduced and affordable. Now, even expensive packages work on less expensive platforms and some even support multiple platforms.

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Computer Aided Design

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